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Capitalism, Power and Innovation : Intellectual Monopoly Capitalism Uncovered
In contemporary global capitalism, the most powerful corporations are innovation or intellectual monopolies.The book’s unique perspective focuses on how private ownership and control of knowledge and data have become a major source of rent and power.The author explains how at the one pole, these corporations concentrate income, property and power in the United States, China, and in a handful of intellectual monopolies, particularly from digital and pharmaceutical industries, while at the other pole developing countries are left further behind. The book includes detailed empirical mappings of how intellectual monopolies develop and transform knowledge from universities and open-source collaborations into intangible assets.The result is a strategy that combines undermining the commons through privatization with harvesting from the same commons.The book ends with provoking reflections to tilt the scale against intellectual monopoly capitalism and arguing that desired changes require democratic mobilization of workers and citizens at large. This book represents one of the first attempts to capture the contours of an emerging new era where old perspectives lead us astray, and the old policy toolbox is hopelessly inadequate.This is true for the idea that the best, or only, way to promote innovation is to transform knowledge into private property.It is also true for anti-trust policies focusing exclusively on consumer prices.The formation of global infrastructures that lead to natural monopolies calls for public rather than private ownership. Scholars and professionals from the social sciences and humanities (in particular economics, sociology, political science, geography, educational science and science and technology studies) will enjoy a clear and all-embracing depiction of innovation dynamics in contemporary capitalism, with a particular focus on asymmetries between actors, regions and topics.In fact, its topical issue broadens the book’s scope to those curious about how innovation networks shape our world. Capitalism, Power and Innovation has won the Joan Robinson Prize, which is awarded biennially for the best monograph on a theme broadly in accord with the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE) theoretical perspectives.
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The Gilded Cage : Technology, Development, and State Capitalism in China
How China’s economic development combines a veneer of unprecedented progress with the increasingly despotic rule of surveillance over all aspects of lifeSince the mid-2000s, the Chinese state has increasingly shifted away from labor-intensive, export-oriented manufacturing to a process of socioeconomic development centered on science and technology.Ya-Wen Lei traces the contours of this techno-developmental regime and its resulting form of techno-state capitalism, telling the stories of those whose lives have been transformed—for better and worse—by China’s rapid rise to economic and technological dominance. Drawing on groundbreaking fieldwork and a wealth of in-depth interviews with managers, business owners, workers, software engineers, and local government officials, Lei describes the vastly unequal values assigned to economic sectors deemed “high-end” versus “low-end,” and the massive expansion of technical and legal instruments used to measure and control workers and capital.She shows how China’s rise has been uniquely shaped by its time-compressed development, the complex relationship between the nation’s authoritarian state and its increasingly powerful but unruly tech companies, and an ideology that fuses nationalism with high modernism, technological fetishism, and meritocracy. Some have compared China’s extraordinary transformation to America’s Gilded Age.This provocative book reveals how it is more like a gilded cage, one in which the Chinese state and tech capital are producing rising inequality and new forms of social exclusion.
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The Gilded Cage : Technology, Development, and State Capitalism in China
How China’s economic development combines a veneer of unprecedented progress with the increasingly despotic rule of surveillance over all aspects of lifeSince the mid-2000s, the Chinese state has increasingly shifted away from labor-intensive, export-oriented manufacturing to a process of socioeconomic development centered on science and technology.Ya-Wen Lei traces the contours of this techno-developmental regime and its resulting form of techno-state capitalism, telling the stories of those whose lives have been transformed—for better and worse—by China’s rapid rise to economic and technological dominance. Drawing on groundbreaking fieldwork and a wealth of in-depth interviews with managers, business owners, workers, software engineers, and local government officials, Lei describes the vastly unequal values assigned to economic sectors deemed “high-end” versus “low-end,” and the massive expansion of technical and legal instruments used to measure and control workers and capital.She shows how China’s rise has been uniquely shaped by its time-compressed development, the complex relationship between the nation’s authoritarian state and its increasingly powerful but unruly tech companies, and an ideology that fuses nationalism with high modernism, technological fetishism, and meritocracy. Some have compared China’s extraordinary transformation to America’s Gilded Age.This provocative book reveals how it is more like a gilded cage, one in which the Chinese state and tech capital are producing rising inequality and new forms of social exclusion.
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Critical Craft : Technology, Globalization, and Capitalism
From Oaxacan wood carvings to dessert kitchens in provincial France, Critical Craft presents thirteen ethnographies which examine what defines and makes ‘craft’ in a wide variety of practices from around the world.Challenging the conventional understanding of craft as a survival, a revival, or something that resists capitalism, the book turns instead to the designers, DIY enthusiasts, traditional artisans, and technical programmers who consider their labor to be craft, in order to comprehend how they make sense of it.The authors’ ethnographic studies focus on the individuals and communities who claim a practice as their own, bypassing the question of craft survival to ask how and why activities termed craft are mobilized and reproduced.Moving beyond regional studies of heritage artisanship, the authors suggest that ideas of craft are by definition part of a larger cosmopolitan dialogue of power and identity.By paying careful attention to these sometimes conflicting voices, this collection shows that there is great flexibility in terms of which activities are labelled ‘craft’.In fact, there are many related ideas of craft and these shape distinct engagements with materials, people, and the economy.Case studies from countries including Mexico, Nigeria, India, Taiwan, the Philippines, and France draw together evidence based on linguistics, microsociology, and participant observation to explore the shifting terrain on which those engaged in craft are operating.What emerges is a fascinating picture which shows how claims about craft are an integral part of contemporary global change.
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How does American capitalism differ from Russian capitalism?
American capitalism is characterized by a more free-market approach, with less government intervention in the economy compared to Russian capitalism. In the United States, there is a strong emphasis on private ownership, competition, and individual entrepreneurship. On the other hand, Russian capitalism has been influenced by its history of state control and government involvement in the economy, leading to a more centralized and oligarchic system. Additionally, the legal and regulatory frameworks in both countries differ, impacting the way businesses operate and compete in each respective market.
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Capitalism or democracy?
Capitalism and democracy are two distinct systems that can coexist but are not interchangeable. Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership and the pursuit of profit, while democracy is a political system based on the principles of equality, freedom, and participation. While capitalism can thrive in a democratic society, it can also lead to inequality and exploitation if not regulated properly. Ultimately, both systems have their strengths and weaknesses, and a balance between the two is necessary for a fair and just society.
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Will capitalism remain?
It is difficult to predict the future with certainty, but capitalism has proven to be a resilient economic system that has adapted to various challenges over time. While there may be calls for reform or changes to address issues such as income inequality or environmental sustainability, it is likely that capitalism will continue to be a dominant economic system in many parts of the world. However, it may evolve and incorporate new ideas and practices to address the changing needs and demands of society.
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What describes capitalism?
Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, profit motive, competition, and market-based allocation of resources.
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Science, Technology And Innovation Indicators : Lessons from the Development Experience in Africa
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Abolish Silicon Valley : How to Liberate Technology from Capitalism
Former insider turned critic Wendy Liu busts the myths of the tech industry, and offers a galvanising argument for why and how we must reclaim technology's potential for the public good. "Lucid, probing and urgent. Wendy Liu manages to be both optimistic about the emancipatory potential of tech and scathing about the industry that has harnessed it for bleak and self-serving ends." - Naomi Klein, author of On Fire: The Burning Case for a Green New Deal"An inspiring memoir manifesto...Technologists all over the world are realizing that no amount of code can substitute for political engagement.Liu's memoir is a road map for that journey of realization." - Cory Doctorow, author of Radicalized and Little BrotherInnovation. Meritocracy. The possibility of overnight success. What's not to love about Silicon Valley? These days, it's hard to be unambiguously optimistic about the growth-at-all-costs ethos of the tech industry.Public opinion is souring in the wake of revelations about Cambridge Analytica, Theranos, and the workplace conditions of Amazon workers or Uber drivers.It's becoming clear that the tech industry's promised "innovation" is neither sustainable nor always desirable. Abolish Silicon Valley is both a heartfelt personal story about the wasteful inequality of Silicon Valley, and a rallying call to engage in the radical politics needed to upend the status quo.Going beyond the idiosyncrasies of the individual founders and companies that characterise the industry today, Wendy Liu delves into the structural factors of the economy that gave rise to Silicon Valley as we know it.Ultimately, she proposes a more radical way of developing technology, where innovation is conducted for the benefit of society at large, and not just to enrich a select few.
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Global Capitalism
A wonderful blend of “politics and economics, micro and macro, past and present in an accessible narrative” (The Washington Post), Global Capitalism presents an authoritative history of the twentieth-century global economy.Jeffry A. Frieden’s discussion of the financial crisis of 2008 explores its causes, the many warning signals for policymakers and its repercussions: a protracted recovery with accumulating levels of inequality and political turmoil in the European Union and the United States.Frieden also highlights China’s dramatic rise as the world’s largest manufacturer and trading nation, perhaps the most far-reaching development of the new millennium.Drawing parallels between the current period and the decades before the First World War, when the first era of global economic integration gave way to nationalist rivalry, Frieden’s history clearly shows that globalisation is neither inevitable nor irreversible but a political choice. • With a new chapter on the great financial crisis and the retreat from global integration.
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Cognitive Capitalism
We live in a time of transition, argues Yann Moulier Boutang.But the irony is that this is not a transition to a new type of society called ‘socialism’, as many on the Left had assumed; rather, it is a transition to a new type of capitalism.Socialism has been left behind by a new revolution in our midst. ‘Globalization’ effectively corresponds to the emergence, since 1975, of a third kind of capitalism.It does not have much to do with the industrial capitalism which, at the point of its birth (1750-1820), broke with earlier forms of mercantile capitalism.The aim of this book is to describe and explain the characteristics of this third age of capitalism. Boutang coins the term ‘cognitive capitalism’ to describe this new form of capitalism.While this notion remains a working hypothesis, it already provides some basic orientations and anchor points which are indispensible for political action.The political economy which was born with Adam Smith no longer offers us the possibility of understanding the reality which is being constructed before our eyes - namely the value, wealth and complexity of the world economic system Ð and it also does not enable us to deal with the challenges that await humanity, whether ecological or social.This book thus seeks to put us onto the path of a provisional politics and morality capable of dealing with this new Great Transformation.
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When was capitalism?
Capitalism as an economic system began to emerge in the late Middle Ages and early modern period in Europe, but it became more prominent during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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Capitalism or Communism?
The choice between capitalism and communism ultimately depends on one's values and beliefs. Capitalism promotes individual freedom, competition, and innovation, but can also lead to income inequality and exploitation. On the other hand, communism aims for equality, collective ownership, and social welfare, but can stifle individual initiative and creativity. Both systems have their strengths and weaknesses, and the best choice may lie in finding a balance between the two that addresses the needs of society while respecting individual rights.
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Is capitalism unfair?
The fairness of capitalism is a matter of perspective. Proponents argue that capitalism provides opportunities for individuals to succeed based on their hard work and innovation, creating a meritocratic system. However, critics argue that capitalism can lead to inequality and exploitation, as it often benefits those who already have wealth and power. Ultimately, the fairness of capitalism depends on how it is regulated and the extent to which it addresses issues of inequality and social justice.
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Is capitalism inevitable?
The inevitability of capitalism is a topic of debate among economists and scholars. Some argue that capitalism is the most efficient and productive economic system, and therefore inevitable in the long run. Others believe that alternative economic systems, such as socialism or communism, could potentially replace capitalism in the future. Ultimately, the future of capitalism will depend on various factors including technological advancements, political decisions, and societal values. Therefore, it is not possible to definitively say whether capitalism is inevitable or not.
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