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Idealism in Modern Philosophy
This book tells the story of idealism in modern philosophy, from the seventeenth century to the turn of the twenty-first.Paul Guyer and Rolf-Peter Horstmann define idealism as the reduction of all reality to something mental in nature.Rather than distinguishing between metaphysical and epistemological versions of idealism, they distinguish between metaphysical and epistemological motivations for idealism.They argue that while metaphysical arguments for idealism have only rarely been accepted, for example by Bishop Berkeley in the early eighteenth century and the British idealists Bradley and McTaggart in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, epistemological arguments for idealism have been widely accepted, even in the so-called analytic philosophy of the twentieth century. Guyer and Horstmann discuss many philosophers who have played a role in the development of idealism, from Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, through Kant; the German idealists Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel; Schopenhauer and Nietzsche; the British and American idealists such as Green and Royce in addition to Bradley and McTaggart; G.E.Moore and Bertrand Russell, Neo-Kantians such as Ernst Cassirer; and twentieth-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein, Collingwood, Carnap, Sellars, and McDowell.
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Idealism in Modern Philosophy
This book tells the story of idealism in modern philosophy, from the seventeenth century to the turn of the twenty-first.Paul Guyer and Rolf-Peter Horstmann define idealism as the reduction of all reality to something mental in nature.Rather than distinguishing between metaphysical and epistemological versions of idealism, they distinguish between metaphysical and epistemological motivations for idealism.They argue that while metaphysical arguments for idealism have only rarely been accepted, for example by Bishop Berkeley in the early eighteenth century and the British idealists Bradley and McTaggart in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, epistemological arguments for idealism have been widely accepted, even in the so-called analytic philosophy of the twentieth century. Guyer and Horstmann discuss many philosophers who have played a role in the development of idealism, from Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, through Kant; the German idealists Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel; Schopenhauer and Nietzsche; the British and American idealists such as Green and Royce in addition to Bradley and McTaggart; G.E.Moore and Bertrand Russell, Neo-Kantians such as Ernst Cassirer; and twentieth-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein, Collingwood, Carnap, Sellars, and McDowell.
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Lectures On Modern Idealism
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My Theology : Personal Idealism
A short definitive account of Keith Ward’s theology, based on the philosophy of Personal Idealism.It records Ward’s views about God, revelation, the kingdom of God, life after death, the incarnation, atonement, and Trinity.In summary, it is a concise and clear account of most central Christian doctrines, formed in the light of modern science and Idealist philosophy.
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Is idealism dangerous?
Idealism can be dangerous when taken to extremes, as it can lead to unrealistic expectations and a disconnect from reality. When individuals become too focused on their idealistic beliefs, they may ignore practical considerations and overlook potential risks or consequences. However, in moderation, idealism can inspire positive change and motivate individuals to work towards a better future. It is important to balance idealism with pragmatism to avoid potential dangers.
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'Materialism or Idealism?'
Materialism and idealism are two contrasting philosophical perspectives. Materialism asserts that the physical world is the primary reality and that everything, including consciousness and thought, can be explained in terms of physical processes. Idealism, on the other hand, posits that the mind and consciousness are the primary reality, and that the physical world is dependent on the mind for its existence. Ultimately, the choice between materialism and idealism depends on one's beliefs about the nature of reality and the relationship between the mind and the physical world.
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Is it idealism or materialism?
It depends on the context in which the question is being asked. Idealism is the belief that ideas and thoughts are the primary drivers of reality, while materialism is the belief that physical matter and the material world are the primary drivers of reality. Both philosophies have their merits and drawbacks, and the choice between them often depends on one's personal beliefs and values. Ultimately, the idealism vs. materialism debate is a complex and ongoing philosophical discussion with no clear-cut answer.
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What is the criticism of idealism?
One criticism of idealism is that it can be seen as overly optimistic and disconnected from reality. Critics argue that idealists may focus too much on abstract concepts and ideals, while ignoring practical considerations and constraints. Additionally, idealism may be criticized for being too subjective and lacking a solid foundation in empirical evidence or rational argumentation. Some critics also argue that idealism can lead to a lack of action or progress, as individuals may become too focused on unattainable ideals rather than practical solutions.
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Peirce on Realism and Idealism
This book offers a new interpretation of the metaphysics of Charles Peirce (1839–1914), the founder of pragmatism and one of America's greatest philosophers.Robert Lane begins by examining Peirce's basic realism, his belief in a world that is independent of how anyone believes it to be.Lane argues that this realism is the basis for Peirce's account of truth, according to which a true belief is one that would be settled by investigation and that also represents the real world.He then explores Peirce's application of his Pragmatic Maxim to clarify the idea of reality, his two forms of idealism, and his realism about generality and vagueness.This rich study will provide readers with a clear understanding of Peirce's thoughts on reality and truth and how they intersect, and of his views on the relation between the mind and the external world.
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The Question of Linguistic Idealism
The chapters in this volume address the question to what extent the doctrine of linguistic idealism is coherent and plausible.Linguistic idealism, as defined here, holds that both the existence and the (very general) structure of the world are in some sense dependent on the existence and the structure of language.The interest of the thesis is that, since human language is an evolved, empirical phenomenon, it would be surprising and significant if the world, which existed long before human beings came into being and is in many respects quite obviously independent of them, were somehow beholden to the fact that human beings can talk about it.That, nevertheless, is the claim. Much of the discussion of linguistic idealism revolves around making the definition of it both precise and interesting, whether for purposes of attack or defence. The Question of Linguistic Idealism opens with an introduction that presents a general argument for linguistic idealism and examines the way in which that position figures in the writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Elizabeth Anscombe.The authors in this collection cover a wide range of possible approaches to linguistic idealism.Some support the position in one version or another; others are hostile.All the contributions are both historically aware and engaged with systematic considerations, but in some the emphasis is placed on historical aspects of the problem-here the focus is particularly on the writings of Kant and Wittgenstein-whereas others adopt a more systematic approach.Each philosopher addresses their chosen aspect of the general topic in (broadly speaking) metaphysical terms, but the bearing of modern linguistic theory on the thesis of linguistic idealism, as well as its connections with mathematical results and practice, play a role in some of the contributions as well.
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The Death of Idealism : Development and Anti-Politics in the Peace Corps
Peace Corps volunteers seem to exemplify the desire to make the world a better place.Yet despite being one of history’s clearest cases of organized idealism, the Peace Corps has, in practice, ended up cultivating very different outcomes among its volunteers.By the time they return from the Peace Corps, volunteers exhibit surprising shifts in their political and professional consciousness.Rather than developing a systemic perspective on development and poverty, they tend instead to focus on individual behavior; they see professions as the only legitimate source of political and social power.They have lost their idealism, and their convictions and beliefs have been reshaped along the way. The Death of Idealism uses the case of the Peace Corps to explain why and how participation in a bureaucratic organization changes people’s ideals and politics.Meghan Elizabeth Kallman offers an innovative institutional analysis of the role of idealism in development organizations.She details the combination of social forces and organizational pressures that depoliticizes Peace Corps volunteers, channels their idealism toward professionalization, and leads to cynicism or disengagement.Kallman sheds light on the structural reasons for the persistent failure of development organizations and the consequences for the people involved.Based on interviews with over 140 current and returned Peace Corps volunteers, field observations, and a large-scale survey, this deeply researched, theoretically rigorous book offers a novel perspective on how people lose their idealism, and why that matters.
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Between Kant and Hegel : Texts in the Development of Post-Kantian Idealism
This volume fills a lamentable gap in the philosophical literature by providing a collection of writings from the pivotal generation of thinkers between Kant and Hegel.It includes some of Hegel's earliest critical writings--which reveal much about his thinking before the first mature exposition of his position in 1807--as well as Schelling's justification of the new philosophy of nature against skeptical and religious attack.This edition contains George di Giovanni’s extensive corrections, new preface, and thoroughly updated bibliography.
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How does Wilhelm Busch criticize idealism?
Wilhelm Busch criticizes idealism by portraying it as unrealistic and disconnected from the harsh realities of life. In his works, he often depicts idealistic characters as naive and foolish, who are unable to cope with the complexities of the real world. Through his satirical and humorous approach, Busch highlights the absurdity of idealistic beliefs and the negative consequences of being overly idealistic. He emphasizes the importance of being grounded in reality and facing life's challenges with practicality and resilience.
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What is the definition of idealism?
Idealism is a philosophical belief that emphasizes the importance of ideas and the mind in understanding the world. It holds that reality is ultimately based on the mind or consciousness, and that the material world is a product of the mind. Idealism also suggests that the ultimate reality is spiritual or mental in nature, rather than material. Idealism has been a prominent philosophical perspective throughout history, influencing various fields such as ethics, politics, and aesthetics.
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What is the difference between capitalism and idealism?
Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and the pursuit of profit. It emphasizes competition and the accumulation of wealth. Idealism, on the other hand, is a philosophical belief that emphasizes the importance of ideas and values. It focuses on the pursuit of moral and ethical principles, often prioritizing the common good over individual profit. While capitalism is primarily concerned with economic success and individual gain, idealism is more focused on ethical behavior and societal well-being.
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Why does the captain represent idealism in Woyzeck?
The captain represents idealism in Woyzeck because he is a symbol of the traditional, hierarchical social order. He embodies the values of the ruling class, believing in the superiority of the aristocracy and the importance of maintaining social norms. His idealism is evident in his condescending attitude towards Woyzeck and his belief in the inherent superiority of the upper class. The captain's rigid adherence to these ideals ultimately leads to his inability to understand Woyzeck's struggles and his tragic downfall.
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