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Innovation–Development Detours for Latecomers : Managing Global-Local Interfaces in the De-Globalization Era
Many developing countries still face difficulties initiating and sustaining economic development.Such difficulties have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in an increasing divergence between rich and poor countries.One crucial question is whether to follow the trajectories of present-day rich countries or seek out different, new trajectories.Although this is a fundamental question, scholars offering mainstream prescriptions have not sufficiently explored it.Drawing on extensive empirical studies of firms and industries, Innovation and Development Detours for Latecomers proposes an effective alternative to prevailing development thinking.It presents a rich menu of development pathways, including a new role for Schumpeterian states whereby they do not follow the paths of technological development already taken by advanced countries.Rather, they can skip certain stages and even create their own detours thereby leapfrogging advanced countries in both manufacturing and service sectors.This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
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Natural Resource Management and Local Development
Natural resource management by rural citizens in tropical regions is crucial both to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem processes, but also to the the well-being and food security of the people that live there.This situation is especially acute in Africa where conflicts between habitat destruction and utilization can arise in areas which are important not only for biodiversity but for the long-term maintenance of ecosystems on which the people ultimately rely.There can also be conflicts between outside specialists and the indigenous knowledge of local communities.A holistic approach involving local peoples in management of their natural resources is therefore essential.A range of approaches to the problem is explored here in relation to natural resource management to local development and livelihoods, and the multi-functional nature of land-use.Major topics debated are the dichotomy between strictly protected areas and ones including human activity, people-centred rather than legally enforced conservation, market forces, and the interrelationships between agriculture and conservation. The book has 12 chapters, prepared by researchers actively involved in community aspects of natural resource management in Africa, and is based on an international workshop held in Niamey, Niger, in 2008.It will be of interest to all involved in the community approach to biodiversity conservation in less developed countries generally and not only in Africa as many of the issues addressed are pertinent globally. Reprinted from Biodiversity and Conservation 18: 10 (2009).
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Doing International Research : Global and Local Methods
This energetic and thought-provoking book encourages a reflexive, non-nationalistic approach to doing world research and sets out how to understand, plan, do and use this research. Williams introduces a range of frameworks, from desk-based studies and traditional ethnography to the use of internet, satellites, robots, drones and ‘big data’, and provides exciting, interdisciplinary examples.This book is presented in a clear international style and uses creative approaches to researching peoples, places and world systems. It explains: desk-based research using international data including documentaries, museum objects, archives, data-sets and working with groups such as refugees, tourists and migrantsdistance research using online videos, surveys and remote methods such as video conferencing and crowdsourcingfieldwork abroad, including ethnography, street observation and mapping. The book is also accompanied by a website, with the following features: For Students Weblinks for each chapterExamples/summaries/templates related to text marked withAdditional thinking zonesAn overview of data capture technologies For Lecturers Copies of all the figures and thinking zones for use in teaching materialPowerPoint slides for each chapter Built upon the foundations of the author’s 30 years of research experience, and including original case studies from international students, this is an essential guide for anyone in the social sciences using or doing international and global research.
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Effective Conservation : Parks, Rewilding, and Local Development
For most, “conservation” conjures the notion of minimising human presence on wildlands to avoid harmful impacts.But too often, this defensive approach has pitted local communities against conservationists, wasting opportunities for collaboration and setting the stage for ongoing conflict.One conservation approach turns that paradigm on its head, and instead connects conservation with the well-being of human communities, setting both up for success.Called “Full Nature,” this approach, pioneered by conservationist Ignacio Jiménez, seeks to promote fully functional natural landscapes that are tied to the basic needs of the communities in their midst.They become a self-sustaining cycle, where nature and people are integrated ecologically, socially, and politically. Effective Conservation is based on Jiménez’s experience managing conservation projects on three continents over thirty years.Jiménez offers a pragmatic approach to conservation that puts the focus on working with people, neighbours, governments, politicians, businesses, media, to ensure they have a long-term stake in protecting and restoring parks and wildlife.Jiménez guides readers through the practical considerations of designing, analysing, and managing effective conservation programmes.Chapters explore intelligence gathering, communication, planning, conflict management, and evaluation techniques, and include numerous text boxes showcasing examples of successful conservation projects from all texts, and links to additional resources. This highly readable manual provides a ground-breaking and time-proven formula for successful conservation projects around the world that bring together parks, people, and nature.
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What are local extrema?
Local extrema are points on a graph where a function reaches a maximum or minimum value within a specific interval. A local maximum is the highest point in a small neighborhood of a function, while a local minimum is the lowest point in that neighborhood. These points are called "local" because they may not be the absolute highest or lowest points of the entire function, but rather within a limited range.
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What are local slopes?
Local slopes refer to the steepness or incline of a specific section of land or terrain within a larger area. They are a measure of how quickly the elevation changes over a short distance in a particular location. Local slopes are important in various fields such as geography, geology, and civil engineering as they can impact factors like water drainage, soil erosion, and construction feasibility. Understanding local slopes can help in planning and designing infrastructure, managing natural resources, and assessing potential risks such as landslides.
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What is local color?
Local color refers to the unique characteristics and customs of a particular region or community that distinguish it from others. It often includes details such as dialect, clothing, food, and architecture that are specific to that area. Local color is used in literature to create a sense of place and to immerse the reader in the setting of the story.
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What are local broadcasts?
Local broadcasts refer to television or radio programs that are produced and distributed within a specific geographic area, such as a city or region. These broadcasts often include news, weather, sports, and community events that are relevant to the local audience. Local broadcasts are an important source of information and entertainment for people in a particular area, and they help to create a sense of community and connection among residents.
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Science, Technology And Innovation Indicators : Lessons from the Development Experience in Africa
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The War on Corruption in China : Local Reform and Innovation
Having engaged in an intensified war against corruption for more than four decades since the period of reform and opening up, China is now at a turning point in its anti-corruption agenda.Many believe that building government integrity has been a top-down process in China, and the anti-corruption strategies taken by the current administration seem to have confirmed it.This book challenges the view by analyzing local anti-corruption innovations in recent years and argues for the importance of bottom-up efforts in controlling corruption. The book attempts to answer the question of whether the rise of local anti-corruption innovations has helped China to pursue anti-corruption reform more effectively and, if so, why.It proceeds to analyze the major patterns of local anti-corruption innovations, the ways in which they have been initiated and implemented, and the factors influencing their success or failure.The book includes more than 400 cases of local innovative anti-corruption reforms in China in recent years. This book will be a useful reference for those interested in learning more about anti-corruption studies and also contributes to the study of corruption and anti-corruption reform in China by providing solid and fresh evidence of anti-corruption innovation by local governments.
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Innovation Policy at the Intersection : Global Debates and Local Experiences
Worldwide, countries have to respond to local and global socio-technological shifts and needs, specifically the transformations wrought by a rapidly shifting understanding of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.Science, technology and innovation policy (STI) finds itself at the intersection of these local and global challenges.Innovation Policy at the Intersection: Global Debates and Local Experiences shows that a comprehensive rethink in STI policy-making is required – one that takes a systemic view of the varied challenges, and adopts an inclusive and holistic approach to STI policy.Such a rethink has to bring together the global and local, the theoretical and practical.The chapters in this book follow three broad concerns:The theories and approaches that have historically informed STI policy-making, along with the most influential current approaches in different country contexts; The development and application of comprehensive STI monitoring and evaluation systems as developed and implemented by various public agencies; andThe role and function of STI policy advisory bodies within their respective contexts.Innovation Policy at the Intersection provides a comparative lens of different theories and practices across a unique spectrum of national contexts, including Austria, Brazil, Colombia, Finland, Iran, Mexico, Norway, South Africa, South Korea, and Sweden.
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Implementing Sustainable Development : From Global Policy to Local Action
Despite all the talk of sustainability, there has not been enough action to halt or reverse the impacts of climate change.Decades after the Rio Earth Summit and despite the many policies and commitments to move toward sustainable development, there continues to be a serious implementation gap. Implementing Sustainable Development focuses on the challenges of turning international commitments and policy promises into local action.Through global examples and cases, the authors examine not only the core principles, but also successful and failed efforts to address the social, environmental, and economic dimensions of sustainable development.They systematically guide readers through the technical, legal, economic, administrative, political, ethical, and cultural feasibility of putting sustainable development solutions in place.Based on broad research, Claudia María Vargas and Phillip J.Cooper offer a practical and useful approach to identifying and addressing policy implementation challenges—what works, what doesn’t, and why. Features of this thoroughly revised second edition include: Dozens of case studies from the throughout the worldAn overview of the UN Sustainable Development GoalsAction-oriented solutions to the challenges of sustainable developmentCareful consideration of local and indigenous knowledgeKey issues of equity, equality, and the importance of community involvement
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Is local anesthesia painful?
Local anesthesia can cause some discomfort during the injection process, as it involves a small needle being inserted into the skin. However, the discomfort is usually minimal and short-lived. Once the anesthesia takes effect, the area should be numb and the procedure should be painless. Overall, the temporary discomfort of the injection is typically well worth the pain relief provided by the local anesthesia.
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What is local fragmentation?
Local fragmentation refers to the breaking up of natural habitats into smaller, isolated patches due to human activities such as urbanization, agriculture, and infrastructure development. This fragmentation can lead to a loss of biodiversity, as it disrupts the movement and gene flow of species, making it difficult for them to find food, mates, and suitable habitats. It can also increase the vulnerability of species to extinction and reduce the overall resilience of ecosystems. Efforts to mitigate local fragmentation include creating wildlife corridors and protected areas to connect fragmented habitats and promote species movement.
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Is the arrival time of the plane local or in local time?
The arrival time of the plane is typically given in local time. This means that the time provided is adjusted to the time zone of the destination airport. It is important to consider any time zone differences when planning travel arrangements to ensure you arrive at the correct time.
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Is the arrival time of the aircraft local or in local time?
The arrival time of the aircraft is typically given in local time. This means that it is the time at the destination airport, taking into account any time zone differences. It is important for passengers to be aware of the local arrival time in order to make necessary arrangements for transportation and other plans upon arrival.
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